Spermatophytina Collection (#30)

Wasp (Hymenoptera) robbing nectar from Henrys lily (Lilium henryi). Surrey, England, UK. August

Hibiscus (Hibiscus sp) flower with stigmas and pollen covered stamens. Focus stacked

Orange bush monkeyflower (Mimulus aurantiacus). Native to California and Oregon, USA. Focus stacked

Crocus (Crocus sp) flower from above, closing in evening. Focus stacked

Water tulip (Cypella aquatilis) from above, in garden pond. Native to Brazil

Daffodil (Narcissus sp) opening, view from above. Focus stacked

Peach leaved bellflower (Campanula persicifolia) dissection, petals removed to show how stamens transfer pollen to style via secondary pollen presentation in bud stage. Focus stacked

Rhododendron (Rhododendron sp) flower, anthers and red stigma visible. Garden in Surrey, England, UK

Alpine rose (Rhododendron ferrugineum) in montane grassland above treeline. Giau Pass / Passo di giau, Dolomites, Italy. July 2011

Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) carpeting Conservation Area, Kew Gardens, London, UK. May

Snakes head fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris), view into flower with linear green nectaries. In cultivation, Surrey, England, UK. April

Balsam (Impatiens rosulata) with yellow nectar guides. Endemic to Kitulo Plateau, Tanzania

Hairy banana (Musa velutina) flowering in glasshouse, Kew Gardens, London, UK. Native to Himalayas

Allegheny spurge (Pachysandra procumbens) leaves emerging amongst flowers in garden. Flowers emit spicy fragrance. Surrey, England, UK. Native to Asia

Spider lily (Hymenocallis sp) flowering beside Lacantun River, Chiapas, Mexico

Spiderplant (Cleome hirta) flowerhead. Patterns on two banner petals serve as nectar guides
Spiderplant (Cleome hirta) flowerhead.Patterns on two banner petals serve as nectar guides. Tanzania

Rock jasmine (Androsace sericea) flowers. Colour of corona ring indicates age and nectar content of flower. Mountains of Heaven / Tian Shan, Kazakhstan. June

Evening primrose (Oenothera glazioviana) flowering at dusk in garden, Surrey, England, UK. August

Winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) flower and bud. Ring of nectaries formed from petals. In garden, Surrey, England, UK. February

Thorowax (Bupleurum rotundifolium) umbel with green bracts, backlit in studio

Elephant yam flower (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) spadix surrounded by spathe. Cultivated in glasshouse

Masterwort (Astrantia sp) with pink bracts and tiny florets. Cultivated in garden, Surrey, England, UK. Controlled conditions

Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) flower, backlit with stamens and style visible through corolla. Dark spots on lower lip attract bumblebee pollinators. Pollinated by bumblebees with long proboscis

Wreath nasturtium (Tropaeolum polyphyllum) flowering amongst rocks. Paso Vergara, Chile. December

Austral blackbird (Curaeus curaeus) with pollen on head after nectaring on Blue puya (Puya berteroniana). Parque Ingles, Chile. December

Bumblebee (Bombus sp) nectaring on Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera). Surrey, England, UK. September

Long-horned bee (Eucera sp. ), two crawling into Wild gladiolus (Gladiolus atroviolaceus)
Long-horned bee (Eucera sp.), two crawling into Wild gladiolus (Gladiolus atroviolaceus) flower to roost at night. Turkey. May

Love-in-a-mist (Nigella damascena) stamens fluroescing in UV light. Ring of nectaries are dark red with blue UV reflective hairs

Bumblebee (Bombus sp) and Honey bee (Apis mellifera) nectaring on Love-in-a-mist (Nigella damascena) flower. Anthers transferring pollen onto bee backs

Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) with stamens and stigma, nectar globules at base of carpels. Surrey, England, UK. Focus stacked

Orange-petaled passionflower (Passiflora aurantia) changing colour from cream to orange. Cultivated in glasshouse, Kew Gardens, London, England, UK. Native to New Guinea and northeast Australia

Afghanistan Juno iris (Iris cycloglossa) with yellow nectar guides. In cultivation, Kew Gardens, London, England, UK. Native to Afghanistan

Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), three nectaring on Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), resting on red bracts. In butterfly house, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China

Red bowled anemone (Anemone bucharica) with dark stamens and patterns on petal bases to attract Scarab beetle (Eulasia sp) pollinators

Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) flower, pollen on dehisced anthers and on petals fluorescing in UV light. Nectar ring appearing red. Focus stacked

Blue passionflower (Passiflora caerulea). Flower is pollinated by larger bees. Focus stacked

Large-flowered evening primrose (Oenothera glazioviana). Bulls eye in centre of flower fluorescing in UV light guides pollinators to nectaries. At night in garden. Surrey, England, UK

Spider flower (Cleome sp) with long gonophores. View from above. Cultivated in garden, Surrey, England, UK. Native to South America

Silver Y moth (Autographa gamma) nectaring on Evening primrose (Oenothera glazioviana) with proboscis extended. At night in garden. Surrey, England, UK. August

Wasp (Vespula germanica) nectaring on Pineapple lily (Eucomis comosa). Pollen is deposited on underside of wasps hairy body and transferred to stigma of next flower visited

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) covered in pollen emerging from nectaring in Crocus (Crocus sp). On nature reserve, Surrey, England, UK. March

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) with pollen grains on back. Inside male Squash (Cucurbita sp) flower. Cultivated in garden, Surrey, England, UK. September

Common bee fly (Bombylius major) nectaring on Primrose (Primula vulgaris). This insect is the main pollinator of Primrose. In nature reserve, Surrey, England, UK, April

Hazel (Corylus avellana) catkins dispersing pollen with female flower above on branch. Controlled condition.s Surrey, England, UK

Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) flower with orange band to attract bees, produces copious nectar. In visible light. Surrey, England, UK. Native to USA. Focus stacked. Sequence 1/2

Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) corollas with spatter mark nectar guides. Pollinated by long tongued bumblebees able to reach nectar

Seville orange (Citrus u aurantium) flower. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK
Seville orange (Citrus × aurantium) flower. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK. Focus stacked. Sequence 1/2

Seville orange (Citrus u aurantium) flower fluorescing in UV light, colour attractive
Seville orange (Citrus × aurantium) flower fluorescing in UV light, colour attractive to pollinators. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK. Focus stacked. Sequence 2/2

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