Anther Collection

Hong Kong orchid tree (Bauhinia blakeana) flowers. Hong Kong, December

Seep monkey flower (Mimulus guttatus), bifid stigma above stamens. Nectar spot guides and central groove leading pollinators to nectar. Focus stacked

Common rue (Ruta graveolens) flower. Cultivated in herb garden, Surrey, England, UK. Native to Balkan Peninsula

Mandrinette (Hibiscus fragilis), cultivated in breeding program at Kew Gardens, London, UK. Endemic to Mauritius

St Helena ebony / Dwarf ebony (Trochetiopsis ebenus) with secondary pollen presentation on petal rims. In cultivation, Kew Gardens, London, England, UK. Endemic to St Helena, South Atlantic Ocean

Darwins slipper flower (Calceolaria uniflora) in UV light. Stamens and fleshy lip that provides food reward for polliator Least seedsnipe (Thinocorus rumicivorus) fluorescing

Geraldton wax flower (Chamelaucium uncinatum), nectar fluorescing in UV light. Western Australia. Controlled conditions, focus stacked. Series 1/2

Sun bromeliad (Fascicularia bicolor). Central leaves turn red to attract hummingbird pollinators before flowers open. Cultivated in garden. Surrey, England, UK

Winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) with ring of nectaries below stamens. Focus stacked

Two-coloured pineapple lily (Eucomis bicolor) in visible light. Cultivated in garden, Surrey, England, UK. Native to South Africa. Focus stacked. Sequence 1/2

Skunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanus) in visible light. In cultivation, Surrey, England, UK. Native to Canada and USA. Sequence 1/2

Flame lily (Gloriosa superba), timelapse sequence from opening bud to flowering, tepals becoming reflexed. Flower pollinated by butterflies. Controlled conditions

Cats whiskers / Black bat flower (Tacca chantrieri). Pollinated by flies. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK. Native to Southeast Asia

Tulip (Tuplia species) close up of anthers, Banbridge, County Down, Northern Ireland

Welsh poppy (Meconopsis cambrica), flower details, Bristol, England, UK, April

Snakeshead fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris) close up

Pasque flower (Pulsatilla vulgaris), at Barnsley Warren near Cirencester, Gloucestershire, England, UK, April

Black coral vine (Kennedia nigricans) flowers, pollinated by honeyeaters (flowers triggered by honeyeater, releasing the stamens, style and stigma), Western Australia Sequence 2 of 2

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) foraging on Peony (Paeonia officinalis) pollen. Surrey, England, UK. May

Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) anthers and inner petals. Outer petals have been removed
Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) anthers and inner petals.Outer petals have been removed. Focus stacked

Peach leaved bellflower (Campanula persicifolia) dissection, petals removed to show how stamens transfer pollen to style via secondary pollen presentation in bud stage. Focus stacked

Carpenter bee (Xylocopa sp) nectaring on Clary sage (Salvia sclarea). Pollen deposited on bees back by hanging anthers. Turkey. June

Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), dissection of flowers. Male phase above, downward projecting stamens release pollen onto backs of bumblebees and honey bees

Sweet breath of spring (Lonicera fragrantissima) in garden, Surrey, England, UK. Native to China

Snakes head fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris), view into flower with linear green nectaries. In cultivation, Surrey, England, UK. April

Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Charles Thomas ) flower. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK

Scarlet monkey flower (Mimulus cardinalis). The high position of the stamens and stigma ensure that the heads of hummingbird pollinators make contact with them whilst nectaring

Gold band lily (Lilium auratum) flower. Yellow nectar guides lead pollinators to nectaries. Pollinators are swallowtail butterflies and hawkmoths. Cultivated in garden, Surrey, England, UK

Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) flowers. England, UK. April. Controlled conditions

White dead nettle (Lamium album) with stamens protected from rain by overhanging upper lip. Pollinated by bumblebees. Naturalised in garden, Surrey, England, UK. May

Glory lily (Gloriosa superba) bud and flower with reflexed petals and trifid stigma. Pollinated by butterflies. National flower of Zimbabwe

Flannel bush (Fremontodendron California Glory ) exposed and overflowing nectaries fluorescuing in UV light. Native to southwest USA

New Zealand tree fuchsia (Fuchsia excorticata) with blue pollen and yellow tipped stigma. Focus stacked

Arabian star flower (Ornithogalum arabicum) in visible light. Nectar visible in lower flower. Native to Northern Africa and Southern Europe. Series 2/2

Gold band lily (Lilium auratum) with yellow nectar guides. In cultivation. Native to Japan

Red bowled anemone (Anemone bucharica) with dark stamens and patterns on petal bases to attract Scarab beetle (Eulasia sp) pollinators

Common rue (Ruta graveolens) flower in visible light, nectar at base of petals. Stamens flip up sequentially with one still folded over the receptacle. Surrey, England, UK

Common rue (Ruta graveolens) flower in UV light, pollen and nectar at base of petals fluorescing. Insect pollinators are able to see position of rewards on offer. Surrey, England, UK

Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) flower, pollen and nectar fluorescing in UV light. Surrey, England, UK. Native to USA. Focus stacked. Sequence 2/2

Regal lily (Lilium regale) with Crab spider (Thomisidae sp) waiting to predate insects. Near Maoxian, Min Valley, Sichuan Province, China

Handkerchief / Dove tree (Davidia involucrata) inflorescence, stamens with green ovary and multi--rayed style beneath. Native to Sichuan, northwest Yunnan, Guizhou and Hubei, China

Golden spider lily (Lycoris aurea) in rain. Yunnan Province, China. In Japan it is pollinated by swallowtail butterflies

Chinese meadow-rue (Thalictrum delavayi) flowers. Male phase below with stigmas hanging below immature stigmas, female phase above after stamens have fallen

Trailing fuschsia (Fuchsia procumbens) cultivated in alpine house, Surrey, England, UK. Native to New Zealand

Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) taken with infra-red thermograph camera. Top of receptacle hottest at 35'C, stamens 30'C. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK. Sequence 2/2

Pasture goatsbeard (Geropogon hybridus) flower, close-up. Cyprus. April

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), close-up. Sunflower plantation in Cuestahedo, Merindad de Montija, Merindades, Burgos, Castilla y Leon, Spain. August

Flowering currant (Ribes sanguineum), close up of pink flowers. Banbridge, County Down, Northern Ireland, UK. April. Composite image

Herb robert (Geranium robertianum) close up of stamens, Clare Glen woodland, Tandragee, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK. May

Wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa) flower, RHS Rosemoor, Great Torrington, Devon, UK. April

Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) pollinating Desert passionflower (Passiflora palmeri). Danzante Island, Loreto Bay National Park, Sea of Cortez, Mexico. May

Herb robert (Geranium robertianum) stamen detail, Clare Glen, Tandragee, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK

Cactus bees (Diadasia Rinconis) feeding on nectar and collecting pollen from Hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus) flower, Sonoran desert, Arizona, USA

Yellow loosestrife (Lysimachia punctata) close up of stamens, County Down, Northern Ireland. July

Greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea) stamen detail, Brackagh Moss National Nature Reserve, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. April

Alstroemeria Lily, close up of stamens. Studio image

Wild daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) stamens and stigma

Ivy bee (Colletes hederae) female collecting pollen from Ivy (Hedera helix). Surrey, England, UK. October

Bumblebee (Bombus sp) looking for pollen amongst fallen Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) stamens. Surrey, England, UK. July

Marmalade hoverflies (Episyrphus balteatus), two feeding on pollen of Dwarf formosa lily (Lilium formosanum var. pricei). Surrey, England, UK. July

Hibiscus (Hibiscus sp) flower with stigmas and pollen covered stamens. Focus stacked

Crocus (Crocus sp) flower from above, closing in evening. Focus stacked

Water tulip (Cypella aquatilis) from above, in garden pond. Native to Brazil

Daffodil (Narcissus sp) opening, view from above. Focus stacked

Rhododendron (Rhododendron sp) flower, anthers and red stigma visible. Garden in Surrey, England, UK

Spider lily (Hymenocallis sp) flowering beside Lacantun River, Chiapas, Mexico

Evening primrose (Oenothera glazioviana) flowering at dusk in garden, Surrey, England, UK. August

Winter aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) flower and bud. Ring of nectaries formed from petals. In garden, Surrey, England, UK. February

Thorowax (Bupleurum rotundifolium) umbel with green bracts, backlit in studio

Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) flower, backlit with stamens and style visible through corolla. Dark spots on lower lip attract bumblebee pollinators. Pollinated by bumblebees with long proboscis

Love-in-a-mist (Nigella damascena) stamens fluroescing in UV light. Ring of nectaries are dark red with blue UV reflective hairs

Bumblebee (Bombus sp) and Honey bee (Apis mellifera) nectaring on Love-in-a-mist (Nigella damascena) flower. Anthers transferring pollen onto bee backs

Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) with stamens and stigma, nectar globules at base of carpels. Surrey, England, UK. Focus stacked

Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) flower, pollen on dehisced anthers and on petals fluorescing in UV light. Nectar ring appearing red. Focus stacked

Blue passionflower (Passiflora caerulea). Flower is pollinated by larger bees. Focus stacked

Spider flower (Cleome sp) with long gonophores. View from above. Cultivated in garden, Surrey, England, UK. Native to South America

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) covered in pollen emerging from nectaring in Crocus (Crocus sp). On nature reserve, Surrey, England, UK. March

Winter aconite (Eranthis hymenalis) in UV light, pollen on outer stamens that have dehisced fluorescing. Focus stacked

Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) flower with orange band to attract bees, produces copious nectar. In visible light. Surrey, England, UK. Native to USA. Focus stacked. Sequence 1/2

Seville orange (Citrus u aurantium) flower. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK
Seville orange (Citrus × aurantium) flower. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK. Focus stacked. Sequence 1/2

Seville orange (Citrus u aurantium) flower fluorescing in UV light, colour attractive
Seville orange (Citrus × aurantium) flower fluorescing in UV light, colour attractive to pollinators. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK. Focus stacked. Sequence 2/2

Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) in visible light. Cultivated in glasshouse, Surrey, England, UK. Sequence 1/2

Wasp nectaring on Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris), picking up pollen on head, thorax and hairs on body. Turkey. May

Narcissus fly (Merodon equestris) male nectaring on Rock rose (Cistus x hybridus) in garden, Surrey, England, UK

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